E hoʻopiha i ka palapala ma lalo nei a e leka uila aku mākou iā ʻoe i kahi mana PDF o Riverside Soils Are a Significant Source of Nitrate Pollution.
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko nā nitrates e hōʻiliʻili ana i ka lepo kokoke i nā muliwai i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā pae nitrate i loko o ka wai o ka muliwai i ka wā ua, wahi a nā kānaka noiʻi mai ke Kulanui ʻo Nagoya ma Iapana. ʻO kā lākou mau ʻike, i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke pai ʻo Biogeoscience, hiki ke kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka haumia o ka naikokene a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka wai ma nā wai wai ma lalo e like me nā loko a me nā wai kahakai.
He meaʻai koʻikoʻi nā nitrates no nā mea kanu a me nā phytoplankton, akā hiki i nā pae kiʻekiʻe o nā nitrates i loko o nā muliwai ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka maikaʻi o ka wai, alakaʻi i ka eutrophication (ka hoʻonui nui ʻana i ka wai me nā meaʻai), a hoʻoweliweli i ke olakino holoholona a me ke kanaka. ʻOiai ua ʻike ʻia nā pae nitrate i loko o nā kahawai e piʻi aʻe i ka wā ua, ʻaʻole maopopo ke kumu.
ʻElua mau kumumanaʻo nui e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka piʻi ʻana o ka nitrate i ka wā ua. Wahi a ke kumumanaʻo mua, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā nitrates lewa i loko o ka wai ua a komo pololei i loko o nā kahawai. ʻO ka lua o ke kumumanaʻo, i ka wā e ua ai, komo nā nitrates lepo ma ka ʻāina e pili ana i ka muliwai, i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka riparian zone, i loko o ka wai o ka muliwai.
No ka noiʻi hou ʻana i ke kumu o nā nitrates, ua hana kahi hui noiʻi i alakaʻi ʻia e Polofesa Urumu Tsunogai o ke Kula Puka o nā Haʻawina Kaiapuni, me ka laulima ʻana me ke Kikowaena ʻĀkia no ka Noiʻi Haumia o ka Ea, i kahi noiʻi e kālailai i nā loli i ke ʻano o nā isotopes nitrogen a me ka oxygen i loko o nā nitrates a i ka wā ua nui. Ke hoʻonui nei i ka nui o nā nitrates ma nā muliwai.
Ua hōʻike nā haʻawina mua i ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka nui o ka nitrate i ka wā o nā ʻino ma kahi muliwai ma uka o ka muliwai ʻo Kaji ma Niigata Prefecture ma ke komohana ʻākau o Iapana. Ua hōʻiliʻili nā mea noiʻi i nā laʻana wai mai ka wai hopu ʻo Kajigawa, me nā kahawai ma uka o ka muliwai. I loko o ʻekolu mau ʻino, ua hoʻohana lākou i nā autosamplers e laʻana i nā kahawai wai i kēlā me kēia hola no 24 mau hola.
Ua ana ke kime i ka nui a me ka haku mele isotopic o nā nitrates i loko o ka wai o ke kahawai, a laila hoʻohālikelike i nā hopena me ka nui a me ka haku mele isotopic o nā nitrates i loko o ka lepo ma ka ʻāpana kahakai o ke kahawai. ʻO ka hopena, ua ʻike lākou ʻo ka hapa nui o nā nitrates mai ka lepo mai a ʻaʻole mai ka wai ua.
"Ua hoʻoholo mākou ʻo ka holoi ʻana o nā nitrates lepo kahakai i loko o nā kahawai ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o nā kahawai a me ka wai honua ke kumu nui o ka piʻi ʻana o nā nitrates i nā kahawai i ka wā ʻino," wahi a Kauka Weitian Ding o ke Kulanui ʻo Nagoya, ka mea kākau o ke aʻo ʻana.
Ua kālailai pū ka hui noiʻi i ka hopena o ka nitrate lewa i ka piʻi ʻana o ke kahe nitrate i ka wā o nā ʻino. ʻAʻole i loli ka nui o nā nitrates lewa i loko o ka wai o ka muliwai, ʻoiai ka piʻi ʻana o ka ua, e hōʻike ana i kahi hopena iki o nā kumu o nā nitrates lewa.
Ua ʻike pū nā kānaka noiʻi ua hana ʻia nā nitrates lepo kahakai e nā microbes lepo. "Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia e hōʻiliʻili nā nitrates o ke kumu microbial i nā lepo kahakai i ke kauwela a me ka hāʻule ma Iapana," wahi a Polofesa Tsunogai. "Mai kēia kuanaʻike, hiki iā mākou ke wānana e hiki wale mai ka piʻi ʻana o nā nitrates i loko o ka muliwai ma muli o ka ua i kēia mau kau."
Kuhikuhi: Dean W, Tsunogai W, Nakagawa F, et al. Ua hōʻike ka hahai ʻana i ke kumu o nā nitrates i nā kahawai o ka nahele i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i ka wā o nā hanana ʻino. Biogeoscience. 2022;19(13):3247-3261. doi: 10.5194/bg-19-3247-2022
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